Automotive

LUBRICATION SYSTEM As you know that our body requires fluids like water and also oil in the form of fats like ghee, butter, cooking oil for maintenance of our system. Similarly lubrication is required for maintenance of engine. Lubrication circuit is one of the most important ones in the engine. The engine cannot run smoothly for more than a few minutes without the lubricating oil. Whenever two metallic surfaces move over each other under direct contact, dry or solid friction is produced. This is due to the irregularities on the two surfaces interlocking each other. The dry friction thus created produces a lot of heat and results in wear of the metal surface. Lubrication system delivers oil to the moving parts of the engine to reduce friction and to assist in keeping the parts cool. Objective of Lubrication To reduce friction between moving parts to its minimum value so that power loss is minimized. To reduce wear of the moving parts as far as possible. Apa...

ENGINE AND ITS COMPONENTS Engine is heart of an automobile. Its role is very important. It converts the Chemical Energy (heat energy) to Mechanical Energy. This energy is utilized for vehicular movement. There are different ways of igniting fuel in an auto engine. Accordingly engines are called Internal Combustion (IC) OR external combustion Engines. Even within the IC engine category ignition can be by a spark or by high compression. Automotive engines are called internal-combustion (IC) engines because the fuel that runs them engine burned internally, or inside the engines. There are two types engines – reciprocating engine and rotary engine. Reciprocating means moving up and down, or back and forth. Almost all automotive engines are of the reciprocating type. This type of engine is called a piston engine. have rotors that spin, or rotate. Wankel has invented the Rotary engine, hence it is named as Wankel engine and these are slowly coming up in use today. There are two kin...

Major Systems of an Automotive Automobiles are made up of several components, assemblies and systems. The growing auto industry has given rise to a growing auto component industry also. India has emerged as global outsourcing hub for manufacturing of various automobile components. All major Companies like Toyota, Hyundai, Ford, Volvo, Renault and Daimler Chrysler and others are now sourcing their automotive components from Indian manufacturers. The auto components industry is predominantly divided into five segments: Engine parts Drive Transmission & Steering Parts Suspension & Brake Parts Electrical Parts Body and chassis Global automobile manufacturers see India as a manufacturing hub for auto components due to: Low cost labour force and availability of raw material which makes India cost competitive. India has an established manufacturing base. Major international auto-components including Delphi, Visteon, Bosch and Meritor have set up operations in India. Autom...

INVENTION OF AUTOMOBILES Till now we have learnt how wheel was used in carts and horse powered carriages for transportation of goods and people. Engineers kept on improving the Horse Carriage design bit by bit. Parallely, man was working on a system that could be self propelled, meaning that the system could be run without any man or animal force required for moving it. In  the year 1672 the very first such model was developed in the form of a toy. This was actually a steam engine. In this the power of steam was used to provide momentum to the toy. Further improvements continued in various parts of the world. Then in the year 1806, the first cars powered by an internal combustion engine appeared. The fuel used for running this was ‘fuel gas’ instead of ‘steam’. Of course, the process of using Fuel Gas is different than the process required for using Steam. Steam engine requires ‘External combustion’, whereas, fuel gas uses the principle of ‘Internal Combustion’. We shall ...

History of Automobiles You must have heard the word Automobile. Meaning of an automobile can be auto car, motor car or car. It is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting goods or passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor. The word automobile comes from the Ancient Greek word (autos, "self") and the Latin mobiles ("movable"); therefore automobile means a vehicle that moves itself.     The alternative name car is believed to originate from the Latin word carrus or carrum. ("wheeled vehicle"), or the Middle English word car  ("cart") (from Old North French). These words in turn are said to have originated from the Gaulish word karros (a Gallic Chariot). Most definitions of the term specify that Automobiles are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally for the transport of people and goods.     In this Unit, you will...